學校獲得較佳的領導
It's a tough job but many do it well, Ofsted says
教育標準局指出 ：「這是一個艱辛的工作，但有很多人做得很好。」
School leadership in England has got much better, inspectors say.
督學說：「在英格蘭的學校領導已經進步很多了。」
The proportion of head teachers providing excellent leadership and management has doubled over five years, according to a report from the Office for Standards in Education (Ofsted).
根據教育標準局（Ofsted）的報告指出：「具有卓越的領導和管理能力的校長比例，5年來已經增加一倍。」
The proportion of schools with very good or excellent leadership and management had more than doubled since 1996/97.
自1996年/97年以來，有良好或極好的領導和管理的學校比例增加了一倍以上。
In 2001/02 - the inspection data featured in the report - it was very good or excellent in 40% of primary schools and 47% of secondary schools compared to 15% and 19% in 1996/97.
訪視報告中的資料特別指出：相對於1996～97年，15％的小學和19％的中學是很好或極好。在2001～02年有40％的小學和47％的中學是很好或極好。
The chief inspector, David Bell, presented the report at a conference in Gateshead, where he said: "The most effective schools are distinguished by leadership that is inspirational, with a strong commitment to the school, its pupils and the community."
督學長，David Bell，在Gateshead的會議上提出的報告指出：「透過鼓舞人心的領導，以及對學校、學生、社區有高度的承諾可以辨識出最有效能的學校。”
He said that as he visited schools up and down the country he saw head teachers of schools motivating staff and pupils "in the face of adversity".
他說，在他參觀全國各地的學校時，他看到了校長激勵師生「面對逆境」。
"I am always struck by the outstanding work of these head teachers and the role that leadership and management can play in inspiring loyalty and dedication," he said.
他說：「我一直很感動這些校長的傑出表現、以及領導與管理在激勵忠誠與奉獻精神的所扮演的角色。」
Different challenges 不同的挑戰
His inspectors found that leadership and management was good or better in three-quarters of primary schools and 84% of secondary schools. Only in "a small minority" was it still unsatisfactory or poor.
督學發現，3/4的小學以及84％的中學的領導和管理是好或很好。只有「一小部分」仍然不理想或差。
Not surprisingly, strong leadership and good management played an important role in bringing about improvement in schools.
不足為奇的，強而有力的領導和良好的管理在改善學校方面扮演重要的角色。
But they had to be applied differently - for example, rural and inner-city schools faced different challenges. 但他們必須因地制宜，例如農村和內陸城市（貧民區）的學校面臨著不同的挑戰。
Leadership was generally better than management.
領導普遍優於管理。
The things most commonly needing improvement still were the monitoring, evaluation and development of teaching and a school's strategy for appraisal and performance management.
一般而言最需要改善的是：教學追蹤檢核、評鑑、發展，以及學校的策略評估、績效管理。
Key characteristics 主要特點
The report identifies the characteristics of high-quality leadership in schools and, from September, inspectors are going to assess head teachers against these criteria:
該報告指出高品質學校領導的特點，並從九月起，督學將以下列標準評鑑校長：
• have a clear vision, with a sense of purpose and high aspirations for the school, combined with a relentless focus on pupils' achievement
有一個清晰的願景，對學校抱持目標及高度的期望，加上持續聚焦於學生的成就。
• strategic planning reflects and promotes the school's ambitions and goals
經營策略規劃反映且增進學校的企圖心以及目標
• they inspire, motivate and influence staff and pupils
他們鼓舞，激勵和影響師生
• they create effective teams
他們創造有效能的團隊
• have knowledge and innovative leadership of teaching and the curriculum
在教學及課程上的知識以及創新領導
• are committed to running an equitable and inclusive school in which each individual matters
致力於經營一所兼具公平與包容的學校，每個人都重要。
• provide good role models for other staff and pupils.
提供其他師生良好的榜樣。
The report notes that secondary schools usually have larger senior management teams to support the head, while many primary heads have to teach as well as lead.
報告指出，中學通常有較大的經營管理團隊支持校長，然而許多小學校長不但要領導也要教學。
Mr Bell said: "It is no longer true that leadership and management are the sole responsibility of the head teacher.
貝爾先生說：「領導與管理不再只是校長單獨要負的責任。」
"High-quality leadership and management must now be developed throughout a school's organisation if they are to meet the new challenges facing them in the drive to raise standards and promote social inclusion in all our schools."
「如果他們在提升水準並促進社會融合的路上要迎接所面臨的新挑戰，高品質的領導和管理現在必須在整個學校的組織中發展，。”
Earlier this week a report from the National College for School Leadership said England's school system was embracing a "new order" of leadership with dramatic and positive implications for teaching and learning.
本週稍早國家學校領導學院的報告說：英國的學校系統正採用一種領導的新秩序，以對教學產生引人注目且正向影響。
But it warned that the level of re-advertised headship posts highlighted the lack of candidates for the job. It said 45% of heads, deputies and assistant heads were aged over 50.
但它警告說，重新公佈的校長職位的公告標準凸顯校長候選人的缺乏。45％的校長，副校長、助理校長的年齡超過50歲。
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