分組報告第4組week7─991111

資料來源http://www.ericdigests.org/2002-2/problem.htm

LEARNING TO LEARN: ASSESSMENT

One problem in PBL is that while students are constantly encouraged to be engaged in the learning process, assessment of student learning is often focused instead on the final learning product. PBL teachers need to better understand meaningful ways of assessing student work to motivate learning. The following web resources provide information that clarifies a variety of topics related to assessment for PBL:
* Energizing Teacher Education and Professional Development with Problem-Based Learning http://www.ascd.org/readingroom/books/levin01book.html
* Assessing Student Work with Project-Based Learning http://pblmm.k12.ca.us/PBLGuide/AssessPBL.html
* Project Based Learning: Involving Students in Checklist Creation (Also, check out the link to the Ontario Teachers' Staff Room for a rubric creation resource) http://www.4teachers.org/projectbased/students.shtml 
學會學習：評估
PBL的問題:雖然教師持續鼓勵學生們參與學習過程，但評估學生學習的重點在於最後的學習產出。所以， PBL教師更需要了解有意義的方式評估學生作品以激勵學習。
以下網路資源，提供澄清與評估評鑑PBL各種問題。
*以問題導向學評估學習加強師資教育和專業發展，
請參閱http://www.ascd.org/reading
*room/books/levin01book.html以方案為本的學習評估：http://pblmm.k12.ca.us/PBLGuide/AssessPBL.html
*以計畫為本的學習：包括在檢查清單中的學生http://www.4teachers.org/projectbased/students.shtml
 

CONCLUSION

PBL teachers constantly face challenges of encouraging students to go beyond the given information, to reflect on learning, and to actively consider how their knowledge might apply in novel contexts. Students are encouraged to constantly discover and try new ways of learning. To facilitate these goals, teachers and students need to be provided with appropriate and accessible pedagogical tools and support.
As students develop more self-directed learning strategies, teachers can provide less scaffolding support. Below are some resources that can help teachers gain a better understanding of PBL and provide ways of supporting student learning at different levels.
* PBL Projects by the ERIC Clearinghouse on Educational Management, complete with Instructor and Student Editions http://eric.uoregon.edu/publications/pub_pbl.html
* How to Use Problem-Based Learning in the Classroom http://www.ascd.org/readingroom/books/delisle97book.html
* Problem Based Learning in Language Instruction: A Constructivist Method http://www.indiana.edu/~eric_rec/ieo/digests/d132.html
* Adelaide University: LEAP into Problem-Based Learning http://www.acue.adelaide.edu.au/leap/leapinto/pbl/

結論

PBL教師不斷面臨挑戰，鼓勵學生要超越指定的資訊，要在學習中反思，並積極思考如何將自己的知識運用在新情境的可能性。學生被鼓勵不斷發現和嘗試新的學習法。為了促進這些目標，我們要提供教師和學生適當、可取得的教學工具和支持。

由於學生發展出更多自我導向的學習策略，教師可提供較少的鷹架支持。下列資源，可幫助教師更了解PBL，並提供學生在不同學習困難度的支持。
* PBL計畫是教育管理上的Eric Clearingroom，包括教師、學生版http://eric.uoregon.edu/publications/pub_pbl.html
*如何使用問題導向法在課堂學習http://www.ascd.org/readingroom/books/delisle97book.html
*語言教學上的問題導向學習：一種建構方法
http://www.indiana.edu/〜eric_rec/ieo/digests/d132.html
* Adelaide University：躍入問題導向學習 http://www.acue.adelaide.edu.au/leap/leapinto/pbl/